山梨医科大学紀要　第15巻，028-034(1998)

新生児の出生後１２時間の体温変化と環境要因

西脇美春，関島英子，中村理恵

　出生間もない新生児の体温は低下しやすく，低体温は新生児の健康に悪影響を与える。そこで新生児の体温を至適に保つケアの基礎資料を得ることを目的に本研究を行った。１９名の正常新生児の直腸温，肩甲骨間部温，頸部温，胸部温を出生後約１時間から１２時間にわたり継続して測定した。その結果１２時間の体温変化のパターンには３つのタイプがみられたが，全体的に新生児の平均体温はほぼ正常範囲に維持された。４測定部位の体温間には中程度あるいは強い相関がみられた。また４部位間に０．２〜０．６℃の有意な差がみられた。寝床内の温度と肩甲骨間部温との間に中程度の相関がみられた。風速と４部位の体温の間には中程度あるいは弱い負の相関がみられた。以上の結果から正常新生児の日常の体温測定は安全性，簡便性の観点から頸部温測定が適当と考えられ，環境要因では室温が中性温度であっても寝床内温度や風速の影響を受けるので環境調節が重要であると考えられた。

キーワード：新生児，体温，室内温・湿度，寝床内温・湿度，風速



Changes in Body Temperatures of Newborn Babies during 12 Hours after Birth and Effects of Environmental Factors

Miharu NISHIWAKI, Hideko SEKIJIMA and Rie NAKAMURA

The body temperature of newborn babies shows a tendency to decrease because of low heat production, and low body temperature induces various unfavorable effects on their health. This study was undertaken to obtain fundamental knowledge for controlling body temperature in nursing of newborn babies. The temperature of rectum, neck, breast and interscapular region of 19 normal healthy newborn babies were measured continuously during 12 hours about 1 hour after birth. The temperature, humidity and wind velocity in a nursery and the temperature and humidity inside a cot were measured simultaneously to consider probable relationship between body temperature and environmental factors. As a result, in 6 cases slight decrease was observed in body temperature at early stage of measurement and 3 types were recognized in the pattern of body temperature changes during 12 hours. But, in most cases, body temperature was maintained appropriately. Moderate or strong correlation was recognized between body temperatures of 4 measuring sites, and a significant difference showing 0.2〜0.6℃ was observed between 4 measuring sites. Moderate correlation was recognized between the temperature inside a cot and that of interscapular region. Slight correlation was recognized between rectum temperature and neck one. Weak correlation was observed between room temperature and body temperature of 4 measuring sites. Weak negative correlation was observed between wind velocity and temperatures of rectum, breast and neck.
These results recommended that daily measurement of body temperature in normal healthy newborn babies could be made safely and conveniently on the neck region. Besides, it was suggested that temperature inside a cot must be controlled carefully because body temperature of newborn babies is affected significantly by temperature inside a cot even when room temperature is kept between 24 and 26 ℃ as a neutral temperature.

Key words :newborn baby, body temperature, room temperature and humidity, temperature and humidity inside a cot, wind velocity


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