山梨医科大学紀要　第17巻，026-031(2000)

体位変換時の若年者・高齢者の生体への影響
−自動的・徒手的体位変換時の比較−

佐藤みつ子，佐藤公美子，清水祐子
森田洋子

　本研究では，若年者11 名（女子大学生，平均21.9歳），高齢者８名（平均79.9歳）を対象に,体位変換補助機器を使用した場合（自動群）と看護者が徒手で体位変換した場合（徒手群）の生体に及ぼす影響を測定し，安全・安楽な体位変換についての検討を行った。測定内容は，仰臥位から左右側臥位直後，５分後の血圧・脈拍・肺活量・自覚症状である。分析は，安静仰臥位あるいは立位を基準値として，各体位変換直後，５分後の血圧・脈拍・肺活量の増減を算出し，比較した。その結果，徒手群における若年者では仰臥位から左側臥位直後・５分後の脈拍に有意差が認められ，基準値より減少した者が多かった。自動群における高齢者では仰臥位から左側臥位直後・５分後の肺活量に有意差が認められ，基準値より減少した者が多かった。自覚症状では高齢者が若年者よりも訴えが少なかった。これらのことから，若年者・高齢者共に，仰臥位から左側臥位直後・５分後に影響が大きいことが明らかになった。安全で安楽な体位変換をするには，仰臥位から側臥位の変換時に脈拍や呼吸を観察し，特に訴えの少ない高齢者の微妙な変化に気づき，対応することが重要であることが示唆された。

キーワード：若年者，高齢者，体位変換，自動的体位変換，徒手的体位変換，生体への影響



Physiological Effects on Young and Elderly Patients Being Turned in Bed
−Comparison of Automatic and Manual Turning−

Mitsuko SATO, Kumiko SATO, Yuko SHIMIZU
and Youko MORITA

This study targeted 11 young subjects (female college students an average of 21.9 years old) and eight elderly patients (average 79.9 years old), to compare the physiological effects of turning them in bed using support equipment (automatic group) and no support equipment (manual group). The goal was to determine the safest, most comfortable way to turn bedridden patients.We observed changes in blood pressure, pulse, and lung capacity, as well as subjective symptoms, five minutes after turning the subjects from the dorsal position to the left and right lateral positions. We calculated increases/decreases in the above vital signs from resting in the dorsal or standing positions, and compared the differences.
The young subjects in the manual group also showed significant differences five minutes after they were turned from the dorsal to left lateral position. Many of them also showed a decrease from the standard value.The lung capacity of the elderly patients in the automatic group exhibited significant differences five minutes after they were turned from the the dorsal to left lateral position. Many of them decreased from the standard value. The elderly patients reported less subjective differences than the young subjects. The study found that physical effects on both young and elderly subjects were larger five minutes after they were turned from the dorsal to left lateral position. To ensure safe, comfortable turning of bedridden patients, the study suggests it is important to observe the pulse and breathing while the patients are being turned. It is especially important to recognize subtle changes in elderly patients who may have trouble communicating with their caregivers, to ensure their safety and comfort.

Key Words : Elderly, young, turning patients in bed, patients turned automatically, patients turned manually, physiological effects


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