山梨医科大学紀要 第19巻，037-041(2002)
GHQ／SCAP 文書に見る山梨県モデル保健所の形成過程
佐藤 公美子，坪井 良子
本稿では一地方である山梨県を取り上げ，戦後の保健所網整備の実践過程を明らかにし，検討した。GHQ／SCAP （中央） からの保健所拡充強化の勧告に，山梨県軍政部と県内の医療，看護職と県職員が協力して，1948 年 4 月に日下部保健所をモデル保健所として設置した。山梨県の試みは，モデル保健所が地域医療の拠点として機能するために，直接に地域住民と接触する保健所職員の充実を重視した点にある。日下部保健所は，東京都杉並保健所をモデルに整備が進められた。日下部保健所は，設置から一年後の 1949 年 1 月 17 日，必要な専門職の確保や医療設備を備えた近代的な保健所へと刷新された。そして，この保健所は地域社会の保健，医療を推進し，公衆衛生という専門分野を担当する実施機関として確立した。山梨県の先駆的な試みは，GHQ／SCAP が遂行する医療改革の一つの成果として評価できる。さらに，地方の政策実施過程を解明する手がかりとなった。
キーワード： GHQ／SCAP 看護政策 モデル保健所 占領期
The Process of formation of Yamanashi model health center :
An Analysis of the GHQ／SCAP under the occupation after World War U
SATO Kumiko and TSUBOI Yoshiko
The nursing system and nursing education system currently in effect in Japan were greatly influenced by the policies of GHQ/SCAP under the Occupation after World War II. The authors focused on medical and nursing activities in outlying regions of Japan in order to clarify the actual process of the implementation of nursing policy. How did the regional governments take advisories from the central authorities (GHQ/SCAP) and how did they develop nursing policy?
We chose one region, Yamanashi Prefecture, and studied the status of the public health center network. The military administration of Yamanashi Prefecture and the medical, nursing and prefectural workers of Yamanashi Prefecture worked together to establish the Kusakabe Public Health Center as a model on April 1948 in response to the advisory from the central authorities to strengthen the expansion of public heath centers. Yamanashi's plan put emphasis on having the health center's staff interact directly with the local people so that the model public health center would serve as a base for regional medicine.
The Kusakabe Public Health Center was set up along the model of the Suginami Public Health Center in Tokyo. In January 17 1949, one year after its establishment, the Kusakabe Public Health Center was reformed into a modern center, with a full staff of professionals (nurses, public health workers, radiologists, pharmacologists, etc.). It took part in medicine and health in the local area and made a place for itself as a practical facility taking charge of the specialized field of public sanitation.
This pioneering effort by Yamanashi Prefecture was well regarded as an achievement of the medical reforms carried out by GHQ/SCAP. This research will also serve as a key for understanding the process by which regional policies were carried out.
Key Words：GHQ／SCAP Nursing policy Model health center Occupied in Japan
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