山梨医科大学紀要 第16巻，015-019(1999)
頸部冷罨法による生体反応に関する研究
佐藤みつ子，森千鶴，永澤悦伸，清水祐子
罨法は，身体の局所に温熱や寒冷刺激を与えることにより，鎮痛，消炎や安楽を目的として用いられる。罨法の作用は，局所のみではなく，循環器系や，筋肉，神経系に影響を与え全身にも及ぼす。先行研究では，罨法の材料や技法に関するものが多く，生体に及ぼす影響の研究が少ない。本研究では，頚部冷罨法を持続的に貼用した場合や除去した後の顔面の皮膚温，腋窩温，主観的評価の経時的な変化を把握することを目的とする。被験者は，年齢２４．１±６．４歳の健康な女性１０名。氷頸を頸部の同一部位に貼用し，貼用前から貼用１０分後，除去５分後までの顔面の皮膚温を連続測定し，前額部，左頬部，右頬部，鼻部，顎部の変化をみた。腋窩温は，貼用前と貼用１０分後に測定した。主観的評価は訴えを聴取した。結果，顔面皮膚温の変化は，測定部位で差があり，被験者間でも変化がみられた。変動幅が，最も大きかったのは鼻部であり，小さかったのは，前額部であった。自ら訴えることのできない小児や健康状態が極度に低下している患者，顔面の手術や損傷のある患者の場合は，適時に観察することが必要であることが示唆された。
キーワード：冷罨法，頸部，皮膚温，温度感覚，生体反応
Physiological Changes Resulting from Application of
a Cold Compress to the Neck
Mitsuko SATO, Chizuru MORI, Yoshinobu NAGASAWA and Yuko SHIMIZU
Cold compresses are widely used for reducing pain,discomfort,and inflammation. Because a cold compress affects the circulatory system, nervous system,and muscles,it affects not just the local area,but the entire body.Previous studies have mainly focused on materials and techniques for applying a cold compress, with little emphasis on its effects on the body.This study was intended to determine the effects of continuously applying a cold compress to the neck, and changes in facial skin temperature,skin color,and axillary temperature after removal of the compress. Another purpose of the study was to observe changes in subjective perception.T he subjects were 10 healthy women-age 24.1 on averege, within a range of 6.4 years older or younger. The ice was applied on the same part of the neck.Patients were observed five minutes before the compresses were applied, 10 minutes after the application, and five minutes after the removal, to determine changes in the forehead, left and right cheeks,nose,and jaw. Axillary temperature was taken 10 minutes before, and after the application of the compress. Examinees' complaints were also recorded for subjective information.T he largest change was recorded around the nose, the smallest around the forehead. This study suggests the necessity of timely and regular observations, especially in cases involving newborn infants who cannot complain by themselves,patients in extremely poor health,or those who have had surgery or injuries on their faces.
Key words: Cold compress methods, neck, physiological changes
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