山梨医科大学紀要 第16巻，047-051(1999)
残遺型精神分裂病者の長期の時間認知に関する研究
森千鶴
残遺型精神分裂病者は，陰性症状のために長期の時間を誤って認知する傾向がある。先行研究では健康者が対照群であり，残遺型精神分裂病者特有か否かは明確ではない。そこで入院中の患者間で長期の時間認知に差異があるのかを明らかにすることを目的とした。主治医，受持看護婦，本人が承諾した残遺型精神分裂病者２０名，陽性症状が主症状で残遺型ではない精神分裂病者１７名，その他の疾患で精神病院に長期に入院している者７名，アルコール依存症で精神病院に入院している者１０名の計５４名である。自覚年齢や入院期間，歴史的出来事後の期間等について面接調査を行い記録から得た事実と比較した。年齢は，どの群も実際よりも若く回答していた。入院期間では，残遺症状群が短く，または長く回答する傾向があった。歴史的出来事後の期間いずれの群も短く回答していた。このようなことから残遺型精神分裂病者の長期の時間認知は，生活体験から理解する「社会性」や他者との関係を実感する「共同体意識」が希薄なためと推察され，残遺型精神分裂病者の援助の方向性が示唆された。
キーワード：残遺型精神分裂病者，時間認知，精神科リハビリテーション看護
Study of long-term time recognition among chronic schizophrenics
Chizuru MORI
Chronic schizophrenia is frequently misdiagnosed over long periods of time because of the lack of outward symptoms. A previous study targeted persons in good physical health,so whether the trends is characteristics of the schizophrenia is not clear. The goal of this study was to clarify differences in long-term time recognition among hospitalized patients. The subjects of this study are 54 patients whose main doctors and nurses recognized symptoms of schizophrenia, and who accepted that they were schizophrenic-20 with chronic symptoms, 17 with positive symptoms, 10 alcoholics, and another seven patients. In interviews with the patients, we asked them how old they were, how long they had been hospitalized, and the period of time after historical events. Then, we compared the interview results and the facts. All the subjects claimed to be younger than their actual ages. As for the period of hospitalization, those with chronic symptoms tended to say it had been shorter or longer than the actual period they had been hospitalized in. All groups thought historical events had happened more recently than in reality. The results of this study indicate that impaired long-term memory among chronic schizophrenics is due to a lack of socialization in their life experiences and reduced sense of community resulting from limited relationships with other people. Therefore it is suggested that new systems should be introduced to provide more support for chronic schizophrenics.
Key words: chronic schizophrenia, time recognition, psychiatric rehabilitation nursing
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